Read online book Wastewater Irrigation and Health : Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-Income Countries (2009, Hardcover) by in FB2, PDF
9781844077953 English 1844077950 In many countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in very poor quality water being used for irrigation and the cultivation of consumable produce. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly in expanding urban areas. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which tend to target high-end treatment options or merely report that wastewater irrigation is a common phenomenon. The editors of Wastewater Irrigation and Health move the focus onto quantifying risk in order to reduce it. It presents the state-of-the-art on low-cost options for health risk reduction in line with the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines published by the World Health Organization. The authorship includes a mix of agronomists and engineers who have been working closely with social scientists and health experts, from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with case studies from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Dakar, Mauritania, South Africa), Asia (India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Bangladesh), Mexico and MENA (Jordan, Tunisia). The book thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on resource recovery., In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in large scale water pollution and the use of very poor quality water for crop irrigation especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on 'making wastewater an asset'., Written by a current car wash owner. This is a 178 page guide to starting (or buying) and operating a profitable car wash business. A fully inclusive "how-to" book on entering the car wash business. Writing a business plan, attaining financing, choosing a location, choosing equipment, and car wash construction.
9781844077953 English 1844077950 In many countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in very poor quality water being used for irrigation and the cultivation of consumable produce. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly in expanding urban areas. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which tend to target high-end treatment options or merely report that wastewater irrigation is a common phenomenon. The editors of Wastewater Irrigation and Health move the focus onto quantifying risk in order to reduce it. It presents the state-of-the-art on low-cost options for health risk reduction in line with the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines published by the World Health Organization. The authorship includes a mix of agronomists and engineers who have been working closely with social scientists and health experts, from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with case studies from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, Dakar, Mauritania, South Africa), Asia (India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Bangladesh), Mexico and MENA (Jordan, Tunisia). The book thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on resource recovery., In most developing countries wastewater treatment systems are hardly functioning or have a very low coverage, resulting in large scale water pollution and the use of very poor quality water for crop irrigation especially in the vicinity of urban centres. This can create significant risks to public health, particularly where crops are eaten raw. Wastewater Irrigation and Health approaches this serious problem from a practical and realistic perspective, addressing the issues of health risk assessment and reduction in developing country settings. The book therefore complements other books on the topic of wastewater which focus on high-end treatment options and the use of treated wastewater. This book moves the debate forward by covering also the common reality of untreated wastewater, greywater and excreta use. It presents the state-of-the-art on quantitative risk assessment and low-cost options for health risk reduction, from treatment to on-farm and off-farm measures, in support of the multiple barrier approach of the 2006 guidelines for safe wastewater irrigation published by the World Health Organization. The 38 authors and co-authors are international key experts in the field of wastewater irrigation representing a mix of agronomists, engineers, social scientists and public health experts from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and Australia. The chapters highlight experiences across the developing world with reference to various case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Mexico and the Middle East. The book also addresses options for resource recovery and wastewater governance, thus clearly establishes a connection between agriculture, health and sanitation, which is often the missing link in the current discussion on 'making wastewater an asset'., Written by a current car wash owner. This is a 178 page guide to starting (or buying) and operating a profitable car wash business. A fully inclusive "how-to" book on entering the car wash business. Writing a business plan, attaining financing, choosing a location, choosing equipment, and car wash construction.